![]() In artificial intelligence, machines are made to behave in wondrous ways, often sufficient to dazzle even the most experienced observer. However Weizenbaum himself did not claim that ELIZA was genuinely intelligent, and the introduction to his paper presented it more as a debunking exercise: The notoriety of Turing's proposed test stimulated great interest in Joseph Weizenbaum's program ELIZA, published in 1966, which seemed to be able to fool users into believing that they were conversing with a real human. This criterion depends on the ability of a computer program to impersonate a human in a real-time written conversation with a human judge to the extent that the judge is unable to distinguish reliably-on the basis of the conversational content alone-between the program and a real human. ![]() In 1950, Alan Turing's famous article " Computing Machinery and Intelligence" was published, which proposed what is now called the Turing test as a criterion of intelligence. Companies spanning a wide range of industries have begun using the latest generative artificial intelligence technologies to power more advanced developments in such areas. ![]() Ī major area where chatbots have long been used is in customer service and support, with various sorts of virtual assistants. Chatbots can also be designed or customized to further target even more specific situations and/or particular subject-matter domains. Such examples reflect the recent practice of basing such products upon broad foundational large language models, such as GPT-4 or the Gemini language model, that get fine-tuned so as to target specific tasks or applications (i.e., simulating human conversation, in the case of chatbots). Since late 2022, the field has gained widespread attention due to the popularity of OpenAI's ChatGPT, followed by alternatives such as Microsoft's Copilot and Google's Gemini. Such chatbots often use deep learning and natural language processing, but simpler chatbots have existed for decades. Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner. A chatbot (originally chatterbot ) is a software application or web interface that is designed to mimic human conversation through text or voice interactions.
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